Exodus 22:2, “If the thief is caught while breaking in, and is struck so that he dies, there will be no bloodguiltiness on his account.” If the mere killing of any kind was the issue, then why would God say killing in self-defense is permissible? He wouldn’t. God has said, “You shall not murder,” not “You shall not kill.” After all, God says killing in self-defense is justifiable. It is translated into the English many different ways, depending on the context: “slayer 16, murderer 14, kill 5, murder 3, slain 3, manslayer 2, killing 1, slayer + 310 1, slayeth 1, death 1.” 1 Modern translations (ESV, NASB, NCV, NIV, NKJV, NLT, NRSV) have it as “You shall not murder.” The word in Hebrew for “kill” here in Exodus 20:13 is תִּרְצָח (ratsach). “Thou shalt not kill” is from the old King James Bible. Why the contradiction?įirst of all, there is no contradiction. Ontario: Woodside Bible Fellowship.In Exodus 20:13 it says, “Thou shalt not kill,” yet God kills people in floods, famines, and has Israel go and kill entire people groups. The exhaustive concordance of the Bible : Showing every word of the text of the common English version of the canonical books, and every occurrence of each word in regular order. Oak Harbor WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
COMMANDMENTS THOU SHALT NOT KILL DRIVER
Driver and Charles Briggs, based on the lexicon of Wilhelm Gesenius. The Abridged Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew-English Lexicon of the Old Testament : From A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament by Francis Brown, S.R. Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Hebrew (Old Testament) (electronic ed.). Manslayer, without intent murderer, with intent. murder, slay - Qal murder, slay, with premeditation c. 1D (Pual) to be killed.įrom The Abridged Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew-English Lexicon of the Old Testament: Times, “manslayer” twice, “killing” once, “slayer + 310” once, A primitive root TWOT 2208 GKĨ357 47 occurrences AV translates as “slayer” 16 times, “murderer”ġ4 times, “kill” five times, “murder” three times, “slain” three
Governmental execution (nif) murdered, be killed (Jdg 20:4 PrĢ2:13+) (piel) murder, kill (Ps 62:4 94:6 Hos 6:9+), note:įor piel ptcp. Murder, kill, i.e., take the life one another so as to cause a state So you can see for yourself I have posted some citations below.įrom the Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains:Ĩ357 רָצַח (rā∙ṣǎḥ): v. Given what the various dictionaries define I think "murder" is the more appropriate word, although there is some debate. The rabbis, therefore, determined that the Decalogue commandment of "lo tignov" applied to the stealing of a person, and "lo tirtzach" meant "do not murder," and not just "do not kill" (See Rashi to Ex.
21, but although the punishment is described, there are no verses warning of the offense. Kidnapping and murder are described as capital crimes in Ex. Idolatry and blasphemy, extreme cases of dishonor to parents, adultery, false testimony in a capital case, and violating the sabbath day all were capital crimes. We see that, other than these two commandments in question, the other commandments of the Decalogue share one aspect - they describe capital crimes. 21:12-14), but no separate verse making it a crime. Yet, for the case of intentional murder, there is a punishment described - death (Ex. 25:17-19) and exempts those persons who are killed accidentally (Num. 21:37-22:3) and the second is vague - the Torah at times commands us to kill (e.g. Two of the ten commandments are difficult to understand in this context, unless they mean something somewhat different: these are "do not steal" and "do not kill." If we understand these literally, the first is redundant - the Torah has elsewhere told us of the offense of stealing and of the punishment for theft (Lev. Similarly, when we look at the commandments of the Decalogue, we study them as a unit because each of the 10 statements (not all are commands) were given to us directly by G-d, and therefore must be of special importance. If you have additional references to a command, they must be teaching something else. Genesis through Deuteronomy) consists of two parts, a notice of what a violation would encompass, and a second mention to indicate the punishment.
In the Jewish understanding, every negative commandment of the Torah (the Five Books of Moses, i.e.
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